Frozen Shoulder Syndrome

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Frozen Shoulder Syndrome In Menopause

Frozen shoulder syndrome, or adhesive capsulitis, is a condition marked by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint, characterized by the thickening and tightening of the connective tissue surrounding it. Although it can affect anyone, it is particularly prevalent among middle-aged women, often coinciding with menopause. This condition develops in three stages:

1. Freezing Stage: The shoulder becomes stiff, and movement starts to cause pain, gradually becoming more limited. This stage can last from six weeks to nine months.
2. Frozen Stage: While the pain may begin to diminish, the shoulder becomes even stiffer, making it more difficult to use. This stage typically lasts four to six months.
3. Thawing Stage: The range of motion begins to improve, with the potential for a complete return to normal or near-normal strength and motion over a period of six months to two years.

Understanding the connection between frozen shoulder and menopause, along with effective management and treatment strategies, is essential for alleviating this debilitating condition.

Why Does Frozen Shoulder Happen in Menopause?

During menopause, the significant hormonal changes, particularly the reduction in estrogen levels, can impact the body’s musculoskeletal system. Estrogen helps in maintaining the lubrication of the joint capsules and the flexibility of the tendons and ligaments. As these hormone levels drop, women may experience increased joint stiffness and decreased mobility, potentially triggering conditions like frozen shoulder. While the exact cause of frozen shoulder is not fully understood, but several factors can increase the risk of developing it:

• Age and Gender: People over the age of 40, particularly women, are more prone to developing frozen shoulder. In fact, women are 4 times more often affected than men. [1] Women in their menopausal years are especially at risk due to hormonal changes.
• Hormonal Changes: The decrease in estrogen levels during menopause can affect the health of connective tissues, making them more susceptible to inflammation.
• Immobility or Reduced Mobility: Lack of regular, active shoulder movements or keeping the shoulder immobile for a prolonged period due to injury, surgery, or illness can lead to frozen shoulder.
• Associated Medical Conditions: Individuals with diabetes, thyroid disorders, cardiovascular disease, or Parkinson’s disease are at a higher risk of having Frozen Shoulder.

What Can You Do About Frozen Shoulder in Menopause?

Managing frozen shoulder involves a combination of medical treatments, self-care measures, and patience, as recovery can be slow. Here are several approaches:

Medical Treatments

• Physical Therapy: Essential for recovering range of motion and strength. A physical therapist can guide through exercises tailored to restore mobility and alleviate pain.
• Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce pain and swelling.
• Steroid Injections: Corticosteroid injections into the shoulder joint can reduce inflammation and pain, allowing more effective physical therapy.
• Surgery: In severe cases where non-invasive treatments fail, surgical options such as shoulder arthroscopy or manipulation under anesthesia may be considered.

Menopause Hormone Therapy/Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

A 2023 study showcased that women undergoing Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) had a lower incidence of Frozen Shoulder, [2] as compared to those women who did not take HRT. While the findings were promising, more research is needed to support HRT in reducing the risk of Frozen Shoulder.

Self-Care Measures

• Heat and Cold Packs: Applying heat can help loosen the shoulder up before performing exercises, while cold packs can reduce inflammation after activity.
• Regular Exercise: Following a regular exercise regimen as recommended by a healthcare provider to maintain mobility and prevent the shoulder from stiffening.
• Adequate Rest: While keeping the shoulder mobile is crucial, it’s also important to avoid overexerting a painful shoulder.

Lifestyle Adjustments

• Ergonomic Adjustments: Modifying the workspace to avoid strain on the shoulders and maintaining good posture can help manage symptoms.
• Diet and Supplements: A balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods and possibly supplements like vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids can support joint health. [3]

Conclusion

Frozen shoulder is a frustrating and painful condition that can significantly impact quality of life. For menopausal women, understanding the connection between hormonal changes and musculoskeletal health is crucial. By combining professional healthcare guidance with diligent self-care, it is possible to manage the symptoms of frozen shoulder effectively and regain mobility. As always, early intervention is key to a quicker and more complete recovery.

References:

1. Mezian K, Coffey R, Chang KV. Frozen Shoulder. [Updated 2023 Aug 28]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482162/
2. Saltzman E, Kennedy J, Ford A, Reinke E, Green C, Poehlein E, Wittstein J. Poster 188: Is Hormone Replacing Therapy Associated with Reduced Risk of Adhesive Capsulitis in Menopausal Women? A Single Center Analysis. Orthop J Sports Med. 2023 Jul 31;11(7 suppl3):2325967123S00174. doi: 10.1177/2325967123S00174. PMCID: PMC10392282.
3. Deng, W., Yi, Z., Yin, E. et al. Effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation for patients with osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res 18, 381 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-023-03855-w

The information in this article is designed for educational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for informed medical advice or care. This information should not be used to diagnose or treat any health problems or illnesses without consulting a doctor. Consult with a health care practitioner before relying on any information in this article or on this website.